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What exactly is DNS?
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed Internet directory service. Also, DNS refers to Domain Name Servers. DNS is used mostly to translate between domain names and IP addresses, and to control Internet email delivery.
Why is DNS Important?
Each server has a specific DNS assigned to it. In order for your domain (website URL or internect address name) to work, and for it to point to your account on the server, you must change the DNS entries on your domain record to the DNS assigned to the server.
What Does It Mean To Propagate The DNS
It means that the new DNS has been communicated to each of the backbones of the Internet and that each backbone has in turn re-mapped its routes to the domain's new DNS location. (DNS = domain name server.) This DNS information does not travel to each of the Internet backbones in a straight line. It travels much like the mapped routes for any given address within the streets, avenues and boulevards included in a map of a country - in a multitude of directions and connecting paths to its states, counties, cities, communities, etc.
Each backbone has to re-map the new DNS and pass it along the routes to be taken through it to the new DNS. This routing information is necessary in order for anyone's computer connected to the Internet to traverse the Internet to a particular domain's site. Each backbone must pass the new DNS information to all the other backbones to which it is connected, in order that the connecting backbones can update their mapping and they, in turn, must pass along the new DNS to the backbones connected to them. This process continues until each and every backbone in the Internet has received the new DNS and has re-mapped the route to the domain's new DNS.
Within each backbone are various domain hosts. The backbone contains the mapping to those hosts. Without the mapping done by each backbone, no one could travel along Internet routes or view a particular site.
The actual time it takes a backbone to update a domain's map location (DNS) depends on various factors, such as where a backbone is located, as well as whether another prior connecting backbone along the route is functioning properly and is able to timely send along the new mapping to this backbone. Sometimes backbones go down and there's a major outage which affects a multitude of hosts, ISP's, and millions of sites. The actual time it takes to propagate is impacted by how long it is before each backbone receives the new DNS mapping from the prior connecting backbone. Other factors which impact the process are: which week day and time - and its relational traffic patterns, overall Internet traffic, and the actual response time of the backbone itself to update/re-map. This isn't an all-inclusive list of variables impacting propagation. There are other factors.
How long it takes for a site's new DNS location to propagate across the Internet such that you are able to see a particular site depends on all the above factors and more. Most agree that it propagate world wide within 72 hours.
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